DN (NIMINAL DIAMETER) ke kumu o ka diameli no ke koho bamelita,ʻo ia ka awelika o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui ʻO ka waiwai o DN =ʻO ka waiwai o ka de -0.5 * ka waiwai o ke kahe o Tube Wall. Kalina:ʻAʻoleʻo kēia kaʻatikala a me ka nui o ka diameter a iʻole.

Ka wai, kai uila uila uila uila mokulele mokulele (galvanied kila kila kila), e hōʻike i ke kīleʻa keleawe, e like me dn15 (e like me dn15 (e like me dn15 (e like me dn15 (e like me dn15 , Dn50).

De (ʻo ka diameter coimeter) ka mea i waho o ka pimela . ^.

D maʻamau maʻamau e pili ana i ka'āpana o loko o ka paipa.

Diantly e pili ana i ka nui o ka papa o loko o ka paipu pā. Hoʻoikaikaʻia i nā piptes sticrete

Φ hōʻike i ka'āpana o kahi pōʻai maʻamau; Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ka'aniʻu o waho o ka pī, akā i kēia manawa e hoʻonuiʻia e ka mānoanoa.